Microcontroller is a compact, integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in an embedded system. It contains a processor (CPU), memory (RAM, ROM), and input/output (I/O) peripherals on a single chip. Microcontrollers are commonly used in applications where control of processes or devices is needed, such as in automotive systems, home appliances, medical devices, and industrial automation.
Due to their low power consumption, affordability, and ability to handle simple tasks with minimal resources, microcontrollers are the backbone of many embedded systems. They enable devices to sense their environment, process information, and make decisions in real-time, making them an essential component in the world of IoT, robotics, and consumer electronics.